Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) is characteristically used as deflocculants in the mining and processing of clay minerals and then again as dispersants in preparing slurries for whiteware, glaze, and enamel manufacture.
Lignosulphonate used for ceramics. Lignosulphonates can increase mechanical green and dry strength in ceramic pieces. Also, they work as lubricants during extrusion or pressing.
It is a principal constituent in porcelain enamels varying from 15 to 45% in various types of coat. Borax is indispensable to the manufacture of various glaze and frit where thermal durability and corrosion resistance is required.
Zinc Oxide is the oxide of zinc metal. Zinc oxide is an energetic flux, it lowers the melting temperature and gives way to very bright glass with good mechanical resistance, a lower expansion coefficient and a high surface tension value. Zinc Oxide is used in the making of glasses, glazes, frits, porcelain, enamels, and magnetic ferrites as it imparts brilliance and cluster.
It is basically used in ceramic body and glaze compositions for making porcelain, glazed earthenware and stoneware. It increases the whiteness and improves the ceramic properties of the ultimate product.
Barium carbonate is widely used in the ceramics industry as an ingredient in glazes. It acts as a flux, as matting, and crystallizing agent and combines with certain colouring oxides to produce unique colours not easily attainable by other means.
Titanium is the strongest white pigment known for many uses, in ceramics the whiteness (and opacity) it imparts to glazes is due to its tendency to crystallize during cooling. It can be used as an additive to enliven (variegate, crystallize) the color and texture of glazes. It is also used to remove watermarking in wall tiles.
Soda ash is the trade name for sodium carbonate. It is a white anhydrous powder that is available in powdered or granular material. It is essentially used in the manufacturing of glass, detergents and other industrial products. It is one of the most widely used commodities. Soda ash is also used to control pH in water treatments, neutralising acidity and eliminating problems of corrosion.